Opposition to Apartheid - 1631 Words

The South African Apartheid, instituted in 1948 by the country’s Afrikaner National Party, was legalized segregation on the basis of race, and is a system comparable to the segregation of African Americans in the United States. Non-whites - including blacks, Indians, and people of color in general- were prohibited from engaging in any activities specific to whites and prohibited from engaging in interracial marriages, receiving higher education, and obtaining certain jobs. The National Party’s classification of â€Å"race† was loosely based on physical appearance and lineage. White individuals were superficially defined as being â€Å"obviously white on the basis of their â€Å"habits, education and speech as well as deportment and demeanor†; an†¦show more content†¦The quest for international support, mass mobilization, armed operations, and underground organization became the basis for the ANC’s â€Å"Four Pillars of Struggle†. On March 21st, 1960, the Pan Africanists Congress, an anti-Apartheid splinter organization formed in 1959, organized a protest to the National Party’s â€Å"pass laws† which required all citizens, as well as native Africans, to carry identification papers on them at all times. Over five thousand individuals came to protest the cause in Sharpeville. Unfortunately, police forces arrived and open fired on the protesters, killing ninety-six in what became known as the Sharpeville massacre. Beginning early in the 1970s and extending into the ‘80s, students, laborers and ordinary citizens became more involved in the struggle against Apartheid. High school students began protesting the segregated system more vigorously, and many ended up dead at the hands of National Party police forces in the June uprising of 1976. The late 70’s and 80’s saw the rise in dissidence amongst ordinary South Africans towards the Apartheid laws. After the student uprising of 1976 , the ranks of MK were augmented considerably, leading to resurgence in anti-Apartheid activities and ushered in the first reforms to the Apartheid since itsShow MoreRelatedThe ANC and PACs Influence on the Fall ofo the Apartheid Regime in South Africa1570 Words   |  6 PagesSince its colonization by England and the Dutch, South Africa’s government struggled under power hungry colonial leaders and most recently under the white dominated Apartheid regime. Before colonization, South Africa was ruled by different tribes each having jurisdiction over their section of land. Eventually, South Africa like so many other Africa countries, fell victim to European colonization. The first European settlers were Dutch, who arrived in 1652 and worked for the Dutch East India CompanyRead MoreEssay on South Africa Under Apartheid: A Totalitarian State1356 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Apartheid Era, there emerged from South Africa cases of gross human rights abuse, racism, police bruta lity and general mistreatment of the non-white population. Excluding the fact that South Africa was never ruled by a dictator, it can be argued that some of these features were totalitarian and that South Africa was, to a certain extent, a totalitarian state under Apartheid. This discussion will analyse the totalitarian features that were apparent during Apartheid, and will be structuredRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South African Apartheid1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe avowal that the apartheid ‘vision for democracy’ necessitated state terror and repression is evident when examining the South African apartheid system between 1960 -1994. The system of apartheid spiked significant internal resistance, hence, the ideology for apartheid stems from the creation of a white state surrounded by economically interdependent and politically dependent black states, which required state terror and repression to ensure mounting resistance and international condemnation didRead More Sout h African Apartheid Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesAfrica had to endure racial inferiority during the era of apartheid. The apartheid laws the government of South Africa made led to an unequal lifestyle for the blacks and produced opposition. South Africa really began to suffer when apartheid was written into the law. Apartheid was first introduced in the 1948 election that the Afrikaner National Party won. The plan was to take the already existing segregation and expand it (Wright, 60). Apartheid was a system that segregated South Africa’s populationRead MoreHow Far Has the Importance of Nelson Mandela in the Ending of Apartheid Been Exaggerated?1748 Words   |  7 PagesHow far has the importance of Nelson Mandela in the ending of apartheid been exaggerated? It can be argued that the importance of Nelson Mandela in the ending of apartheid has been greatly exaggerated. Apartheid ended due to a combination of long term and short term events. The ANC represented the main opposition of apartheid while protests and rebellions caught the attention of the world, international sanctions put pressure on the south African government and something had to be done before theirRead MoreSouth Africa and Nelson Mandela ´s Impact as President832 Words   |  4 Pagesmember ever since. On august 5 1963, he was arrested and charged for treason. Mandela was convicted for sabotage and plotting against the government, specifically against the apartheid. He used violence to fight for the right of the people. To many people, he was considered to be a terrorist. The apartheid was facing major opposition and eventually the country was going through major problems and the current president De Klerk couldn’t effectively resolve them. Therefore he wanted to settle with MandelaRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa1174 Words   |  5 PagesSome periods in human history are simply shameful. The period of apartheid policy in South Africa was one of these times. Apartheid featured a rebirth of racist legislature in South Africa from the 1950s to the 1990s. Essentially, these laws treated people who were not white as completely separate from society; the term apartheid literally means â€Å"apartness.† The national legislature in South Africa wanted to suppress blacks and ensure a white supremacy in the government. Basically, politicalRead MoreApartheid. What is it? Who or what were involved? And how did it end in South Africa?1660 Words   |  7 PagesApartheid Imagine living in an actual time and place similar to George Orwells 1984. There was a chillingly similar place for non-whites in South Africa from the 1940s to the 1990s. I believe that enforcing Apartheid is unjust and immoral. Reading this paper you will learn: What is apartheid? Who were involved? And how did apartheid end in South Africa? What is apartheid? The system of apartheid--apartness between races--began in 1948 and in the time span of one generation, it wove itselfRead MoreNelson Mandela s President Of South Africa1309 Words   |  6 PagesNomzamo Zanyiwe Madikizela. He outlived 3 of his 6 children. Until apartheid was abolished in 1994, Mandela vigorously fought against it in order to secure freedom for everybody in South Africa. Apartheid was a system of legislation that forced non-white South Africans to be forced to live in different areas and even use different public facilities than whites. Despite 50 years of constant opposition to apartheid, the system of laws stood fast until 1991. The goal of the Afrikaner NationalRead MoreWhat Did The Choice Of Nation Building And Reconciliation Help South Africa Avoid A Pending Civil War?1502 Words   |  7 Pageswar from 1990-1994’ INTRODUCTION The early 1990s in South Africa marked the start of a process leading to the official end of an oppressive and discriminatory apartheid regime. The period was characterised by sporadic bouts of political intolerance and indecisiveness leading to clear moments of political frustration between the opposition (the minority parties like National Party, AWB, Freedom Front Plus) and the liberation forces (African National Congress (ANC) the Pan African Congress (PAC) and

International Commerce And Its Impact On The World

It is confounding, though not in Barry’s satirical sense. Despite the increasingly connected world of Facebook, high speed travel, and Skype, Americans are still lagging behind the world when it comes to multilingual proficiency (Berman 9). In fact, while 57% of Europeans are fluent in two languages, that is only true for 9.3% of Americans (â€Å"Why Learn Languages?† 3). Modern language departments are being cut in both high schools and higher education institutions to balance budgets. Yet, learning a second language is even more relevant in our globalized world. International commerce dominates large sectors of the business world and political summits require people who are familiar with other languages and cultures other than their own to facilitate the negotiation of treaties and agreements. Thus, language learning remains an essential aspect of being a well-rounded, educated individual and provides benefits, oftentimes unexpected ones, to eager learners. The perk of learning another language that is possibly most touted by foreign language educators around the nation is that it increases employability. For businesses in contact with any form of foreign market, having employees that are fluent in multiple languages is essential to attract investors from abroad and even to translate advertisements. Knowing another language not only gives one an advantage in the job market but it also tends to give a salary boost. According to a 2014 study by The Economist, after 40 years ofShow MoreRelatedImpact Of E Commerce On International Trade Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesE-COMMERCE ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE MUKESHV.M , (MCom,MBA Finanace,MPhil) Assistant Professor In Commerce And Management Studies, Mar Osthastheos College (Affiliated To University Of Calicut) Perumpilavu,Kunnamkulam,Thrissur-680519Ph:04885 282000Mob:9895617021Email:Mukeshmurli640@Gmail.Com Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the impact of E-Commerce on international trade . electronic commerce offers economy wide benefits to all countries. The gains are likely to be concentratedRead MoreThe Effects Of E Commerce On Global Trade1524 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of E-commerce in Global Trade Introduction E-commerce is a term describing a new and innovative more efficient way of doing business completely by use of the internet, to conduct trade dealings both on a national and global scale. E-commerce offers a different mode of performing trade throughout the world without the need for tangible contact between the buyer and seller. The new transaction mode of purchasing and supplying goods has become explosive in terms of efficiency, competitivenessRead MoreInteraction of American Laws with International Law962 Words   |  4 PagesUCC and International Law Because the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) generally regulates commerce or trade on a national basis, one may not realize that it also has an impact on international commerce. However, this assumption would ignore the critical role that American laws and policies play in the arena of international trade. These roles are both formal and informal. In other words, American law has direct and indirect effects on international commerce. In order to understand the impact of theRead MoreTechnology Makes the World Smaller1697 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology Make the World Smaller Office 2004 Test Drive User Table of Contents Commerce 4 Dell6 Ebay 7 E-cash8 Work Cited11 Footnotes12 Technology Makes the World Smaller The international marketplace is changing very fast every day. E-commerce and E-Business is now one of the standard ways to do business. The Internet has opened up vast opportunities for business to tap into new markets all over the world. The use of the Internet removes all geographical constraints, permits the instant establishmentRead MoreStarting a Business Online Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This report will explain the understanding of a small, local clothing store along the Jersey Shore boardwalk that wants to engage in e-Commerce. It will identify the advantages and disadvantage of taking a small business online by performing a SWOT analysis. It will provide key issues that any company faces when it conducts international commerce that includes trust, culture, language, government, and infrastructure. The businesses that operate on the Web that extends a company’s reachRead MoreStrengths : Value Added Services And Brand Loyalty934 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral years. For the fiscal year ended in September 2015, Costco generated $113,666 million of revenue, which reflected an increase of 3% over $ 110,212 in 2014. Changes in foreign currencies and gasoline prices had a negative impact on net sales. After excluding this impact, Costco had an increase of 7% in net sales. Gross margin percentage increased 43 basis points to 11.09% compared to 10.66% in 2014. Cos tco reported net income of $2,377 million in the fiscal year 2015, compared to $2,058, indicatingRead MoreGlobal Financial Management690 Words   |  3 Pagessystem of commerce, today the most successful companies are those with the wherewithal to transfer their operations abroad. Global financial management requires a comprehensive comprehension of foreign exchange and currency markets, derivatives securities, international financial debt and equity markets, international portfolio investments and the global market for real assets. Due to the fact that financial markets and intermediaries today are globally linked through a vast international telecommunicationsRead MoreFeasibility Of Financial, Distribution, And Marketing Partnerships For The Company Within The Chosen Country797 Words   |  4 Pagesenterprises pursue international sourcing strategies as a way of reducing exchange-related risk† (p.285). Currency rates can have an impact on revenues for a U.S. company expan ding operations in foreign countries, depending on exchange rates. For example, the U.S. dollar is only worth seventy-four cents in Italy. c) E-Commerce E-commerce is the method of using the Internet to exchange goods and services (Keegan Green, 2009, p.576). Pier 1 Imports has an established e-commerce business-to-consumerRead MoreThe Impact Of Electronic Procurement Systems For Australian Organizations Using The Propagated Framework Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pageswriting Department: International school Supervisor: Dr.Hashmi Shabir Date of submission: 2016/12/13 ABSTRACT E-procurement systems contribute largely to business and government institutes by increasing the national productivity growth through removing of non-value added activities in the process of procurement. In many countries the adoption of these systems has been slow compared to economically integrated regions such as Europe and North America. This study aims at exploring the impact of electronicRead MoreNecessity for Effective and Efficient Global Financial Management637 Words   |  3 Pagessystem of commerce, today the most successful companies are those with the wherewithal to transfer their operations abroad. Global financial management requires a comprehensive comprehension of foreign exchange and currency markets, derivatives securities, international financial debt and equity markets, international portfolio investments and the global market for real assets. Due to the fact that financial markets and intermediaries today are globally linked through a vast international telecom munications

Music and Learning Free Essays

TETTEH OKLEY CEPHAS TOPIC: MUSIC AND LEARNING; incorporating music rhythm into studies to aid memory and recall. Case Study at the University of Ghana,Accra. Submitted as research proposal to Mr Adotey, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1. 1 Background of the research 1. 2The study area 1. 3Problem statement 1. 4 Aims and objectives of this study 2. Literature review 3. Methodology 3. 2 Methodological considerations 3. 2. 1 Qualitative framework of study 3. 3. Data collection and procedure 3. 3. 1 Instruments,participants 3. 3. 2 Data analysis 4. Discussions;summary of discussion . INTRODUCTION 1. 1 background to the research Are people typically geniuses? Statistically, people probably are not. In fact, most people probably aren’t even intellectually gifted at all. Most people are likely to be pretty much average, maybe a little bit above average, or a little below, but very average none the less. It is universally understood that people strive to learn to become wiser and more informed about the world around them. The more people learn, the more powerful they can become. It is the speed at which people learn that separates the geniuses from the average people from the lear ning disabled. Geniuses don’t run into problems while learning, because they learn so fast. It is everyone else that could really use help. One solid way to increase the speed at which people learn is with music. People learn through music and their minds grow faster because of it. Some music, when implemented properly, can have positive effects on learning and attitude. Music is a powerful thing, and when we understand its significance, it can bring dramatic changes both positive and negative into our lives (Kristian David Oslon). Sceintific research on the neurological and developmental effects of music on learning has fascinated educators since long. rom soft music in the nursery to musical toys and dance lessons, encouraging music involvement in a fun way strengthens individual educational, physical and emotional development. Learning is the process of acquiring modifications in existing knowledge, skills, habits, or tendencies through experience, practice, or exercise. Learning includes associative processes, discrimination of sense data psychomotor and perceptual learning, imitation,concept,formation,problem solving, and insight. prominent psychologist and educationists have over the years propounded ways though which learning could be improved and made easy. f them music is no exception Music is one of the few activities that involves using the whole brain. It is intrinsic to all cultures and can have surprising benefits not only for learning language, improving memory and focusing attention, but also for physical coordination and development. Of course, music can be distracting if it’s too loud or too jarring, or if it competes for our attention with what we’re trying to do. But for the most part, exposure to many kinds of music has beneficial effects Music affects the process of learning and thinking. Listening to quiet and soothing music while working helps an individual to work faster and in a more efficient way. it has the ability to make the listener acts positively and feel motivated. The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Mozart’s music and baroque music, with a 60 beats per minute beat pattern, activates the left and right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action maximizes learning and retention of information. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. Also, activities which engage both sides of the brain at the same time, such as playing an instrument or singing, cause the brain to be more capable of processing information. Listening to music facilitates the recall of information19. Researchers have shown that certain types of music are a great â€Å"keys† for recalling memories. Information learned while listening to a particular song can often be recalled simply by â€Å"playing† the songs mentally. Further on,music has a calming effect on the mind and his even known to speed the recovery of health ailments. Studies have shown that music plays a vital core in enhancing creativity. It has a positive impact on the right side of the brain, triggering the brain centers responsible for the enhancement of creativity. Certain â€Å"ragas† are known to activate the â€Å"chakras† of our body, thus giving us an added advantage in other creative tasks. Music increases spatial and abstract reasoning skills. These are the skills required in tackling problems, solving puzzles and taking decisions. Listening to Mozarts is known to have a positive effect on the spatial-temporal reasoning, simply put,it makes you smarter. Have you tried learning anything by combining it with music or rhythm? or example, counting with a certain repeating pattern, or learning certain maths basics by giving it a tune, or learning poetry by reciting it musically. basically the combination of the rythm of a favorite song rhythm to something to be learnt makes it easier to remember since songs are are not plain words but are actually compositions with immediate catching rhythms. An in teresting aspect of music is how it eliminates depression,which reduces brain activity and hampers the minds ability to plan and carry outs tasks, by increase the sorotonim levels of the brain making the brain alert. ensational rhythms can cause the brain waves to resonate in synch to the beat,thus leading to increased levels of concentration and increased mental alertness. This helps the brain to change speeds of processing easily as need be. Music as a whole usually helps increase discipline. Rythms are easy to catch and recall and if intertwined with subject topics would help a student to recall . Everyone who have been through elementary school can not deny the fact that the reciting of poem did not in one way the other help he. Most of us still vividly remember so well some of this poems. This is because this hard knowledge was presented in a way that sounded so well still sound pleasant to the ear. Students appear to learn and retain more when the subject matter is presented through rhythm and/or song. They can also retrieve information if taught the correct cues. Students do not have to be musical scholars or prodigies in order to benefit from the joys of being taught mnemonically. Students who have difficulty retaining information because they cannot read or have not been taught any memory strategies, can often learn effortlessly through rhythmic and musical mnemonics. When textual information is presented as the words of a song or familiar tune, it is better recalled and its memory is more durable. Also, when the lyric and melody are partnered and then rehearsed, the melody is an effective cue for retrieving the lyric. (Chazin Neuschatz,1990; Gfeller, 1982; Wallace, 1994; Yalch, 1991; Gfeller, 1982). 1. 2. STUDY AREA The University of Ghana is the oldest and largest of the Ghanaian universities. It was founded in 1948 as the University College of the Gold coast, and was originally an affiliate college of the University of London which supervised its academic programmes and awarded degrees. It gained full university status in 1961, and now has nearly 40,000 students. The original emphasis was on the liberal arts, social sciences, basic science, agriculture, and medicine, but (partly as the result of a national educational reform programme) the curriculum was expanded to provide more technology-based and vocational courses and post graduate training. The university is mainly based at Legon about twelve kilometres northeast of the centre of Accra, Ghana. The medical school is in Korle Bu with a teaching Hospital and secondary campus in the city of Accra(Accra City Campus) meant for workers or the working class. It also has a graduate school of nuclear and allied sciences at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, making it one of the few universities in Africa offering programmes in nuclear sciences. The university also has another branch of its Business school located in the Central city of Accra. The school can boast of big Department of Psychology upon its introduction into the University in 1967. It now is one of the fields with over thousands students. 1. 3PROBLEM STATEMENT †¢ Is it worth it all to use music to aid recall or improve memory †¢ which kinds of music rhythms are appropriate †¢ how can these rhythms be fashioned into the learning and teaching strategy to improve memory †¢ was the use of song rhythms able to aid recall and memory. †¢ If indeed it is shown that students benefit from learning subject matter in the classroom mnemonically through music rhythms, what is preventing teachers from using them more often in the classroom? 1. 4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To conglomerate the knowledge of music into the learning strategy to aid concentration and cognition †¢ To precisely state methods by which music can be incorporated into learning to aid easy recall of stuffs learnt †¢ To examine whether the attachment of the knowledge of music and rhythms to learning really aids recall and memory improvementt †¢ To prescribe the kind of musi c rhythms to be used in learning which can aid cognition precisely recall and memory improvement †¢ To help lecturers to sufficiently use music rhythms in teaching their students 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Yates (1972) chronicles how the Ancient Greeks, who invented many arts, also invented the art of memory. Just like their other arts this was passed onto Rome and subsequently descended in the European tradition. This method of impressing place, image, and music on memory has been called ‘mnemotechnics’ or mnemonics. †¢ The reviewed literature reveals current and past studies on the subject of using musical mnemonics as an effective memory tool in the classroom and beyond. A musical mnemonic is a useful tool for disciplines that require a great deal of memorization. Mnemonics can be teacher created or students created and should not be introduced until the student knows how to use them correctly. The literature reports that in general students, who have been taught through mnemonic instruction, outperform students taught by traditional instruction techniques. Much of the prior research was conducted in the curriculum areas of science, history, geography, English, social studies and foreign language vocabulary. The literature is presented from two complimentary perspectives; medical and educational. †¢ Sacks (2007) researched the phenomenon of brainworms. Brainworms are overly catchy tunes designed to bore their way into the listener’s ear or mind and are not easily forgotten. They were described as â€Å"cognitively infectious music agents† by a newsmagazine in 1987 (p. 42). Sacks (2007) searches for the qualities that make a tune become almost impossible to delete from memory. Is it timbre? Rhythm? Melody? Repetition? â€Å"Or is it arousal of special emotional resonances or associations† (p. 43)? He recounts a song from his youth â€Å"Had Gadya† a Hebrew song that was long and repetitive and that became â€Å"hammered† (p. 44) into his head. He queries: â€Å"Did the qualities of repetition and simplicity†¦ act as neural facilitators, setting up a circuit (for it felt like this) that reexcited itself automatically? Or did the grim humor of the song or its solemn, liturgical context play a significant part too† (p. 44)? †¢ Sacks (2007) reports on how our brains are helplessly sensitive to music, and how the â€Å"automatic or compulsive internal repetition of musical phrases is almost universal† (p. 44). The brain treats musical imagery and musical memory in a unique way that has no equivalents in the visual mind. Melody, with its unique tempo, rhythm and pitch â€Å"tend to be preserved with remarkable accuracy† (p. 47) whereas visual scenes are often not recalled as accurately. Because of this â€Å"defenseless engraving of music on the brain† (p. 47) musical imagery and memory even occur in people who that they are not musical. Neurologically, people tend to find those brainworms or catchy tunes completely irresistible and unforgettable. This comes as no surprise to the advertising world that makes their millions out of flooding our world with such nauseating jingles as â€Å"Rice-a-Roni; the San Francisco treat! or â€Å"800-588-2300 Empire, today! † †¢ Mnemonics 14 †¢ Hodges (2000) marvels at the new revelations that the latest â€Å"neural machinery† has shown us, on the effects of music on the brain. He derives the following premises from neuromusical research. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The human brain has the ability to respond to and partic ipate in music. The musical brain operates at birth and persists throughout life. Early and ongoing musical training affects the organization of the musical brain. The musical brain consists of extensive neural systems involving widely †¢ †¢ istributed, but locally specialized regions of the brain: o Cognitive components Affective components Motor components The musical brain is highly resilient. In the same article he quotes a neurologist, Frank Wilson (1986) who states that â€Å"†¦ all of us have a biologic guarantee of musicianship†¦. we all have the capacity to respond to and participate in the music of our environment† (p. 18). Research from the Classroom and Learning Environment Gfeller (1986) did extensive research with learning disabled children and how musical mnemonics affect their retention and recall. She chose as subjects for her research both learning disabled and non learning disabled students. The study focused on the memorizing of multiplication facts through repetition either by chanting the numbers and product to a simple tune or standard verbal rehearsal. After the initial trial, the non disabled students reported significantly greater recall of the facts than the learning disabled participants (p ; . 05). By the end of the fifth trial however, both sets of participants who had learned their multiplication facts †¢ Mnemonics 15 usically, remembered significantly more (p ; . 001) than did any of the students using verbal recitation. Gfeller (1986) emphasizes the importance of teaching the students how and when to use a mnemonic. After all, the mnemonic is only effective if the student can access it, retrieve it and subsequently utilize it. She also encourages the use of familiar melodies in creating mnemonics. Students in her trial remarked that â€Å"†¦ the fact s most easily recalled were those rehearsed to melodies reminiscent of songs they previousl †¢ How to cite Music and Learning, Papers Music and Learning Free Essays TETTEH OKLEY CEPHAS TOPIC: MUSIC AND LEARNING; incorporating music rhythm into studies to aid memory and recall. Case Study at the University of Ghana,Accra. Submitted as research proposal to Mr Adotey, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Learning or any similar topic only for you Order Now TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1. 1 Background of the research 1. 2The study area 1. 3Problem statement 1. 4 Aims and objectives of this study 2. Literature review 3. Methodology 3. 2 Methodological considerations 3. 2. 1 Qualitative framework of study 3. 3. Data collection and procedure 3. 3. 1 Instruments,participants 3. 3. 2 Data analysis 4. Discussions;summary of discussion . INTRODUCTION 1. 1 background to the research Are people typically geniuses? Statistically, people probably are not. In fact, most people probably aren’t even intellectually gifted at all. Most people are likely to be pretty much average, maybe a little bit above average, or a little below, but very average none the less. It is universally understood that people strive to learn to become wiser and more informed about the world around them. The more people learn, the more powerful they can become. It is the speed at which people learn that separates the geniuses from the average people from the lear ning disabled. Geniuses don’t run into problems while learning, because they learn so fast. It is everyone else that could really use help. One solid way to increase the speed at which people learn is with music. People learn through music and their minds grow faster because of it. Some music, when implemented properly, can have positive effects on learning and attitude. Music is a powerful thing, and when we understand its significance, it can bring dramatic changes both positive and negative into our lives (Kristian David Oslon). Sceintific research on the neurological and developmental effects of music on learning has fascinated educators since long. rom soft music in the nursery to musical toys and dance lessons, encouraging music involvement in a fun way strengthens individual educational, physical and emotional development. Learning is the process of acquiring modifications in existing knowledge, skills, habits, or tendencies through experience, practice, or exercise. Learning includes associative processes, discrimination of sense data psychomotor and perceptual learning, imitation,concept,formation,problem solving, and insight. prominent psychologist and educationists have over the years propounded ways though which learning could be improved and made easy. f them music is no exception Music is one of the few activities that involves using the whole brain. It is intrinsic to all cultures and can have surprising benefits not only for learning language, improving memory and focusing attention, but also for physical coordination and development. Of course, music can be distracting if it’s too loud or too jarring, or if it competes for our attention with what we’re trying to do. But for the most part, exposure to many kinds of music has beneficial effects Music affects the process of learning and thinking. Listening to quiet and soothing music while working helps an individual to work faster and in a more efficient way. it has the ability to make the listener acts positively and feel motivated. The power of music to affect memory is quite intriguing. Mozart’s music and baroque music, with a 60 beats per minute beat pattern, activates the left and right brain. The simultaneous left and right brain action maximizes learning and retention of information. The information being studied activates the left brain while the music activates the right brain. Also, activities which engage both sides of the brain at the same time, such as playing an instrument or singing, cause the brain to be more capable of processing information. Listening to music facilitates the recall of information19. Researchers have shown that certain types of music are a great â€Å"keys† for recalling memories. Information learned while listening to a particular song can often be recalled simply by â€Å"playing† the songs mentally. Further on,music has a calming effect on the mind and his even known to speed the recovery of health ailments. Studies have shown that music plays a vital core in enhancing creativity. It has a positive impact on the right side of the brain, triggering the brain centers responsible for the enhancement of creativity. Certain â€Å"ragas† are known to activate the â€Å"chakras† of our body, thus giving us an added advantage in other creative tasks. Music increases spatial and abstract reasoning skills. These are the skills required in tackling problems, solving puzzles and taking decisions. Listening to Mozarts is known to have a positive effect on the spatial-temporal reasoning, simply put,it makes you smarter. Have you tried learning anything by combining it with music or rhythm? or example, counting with a certain repeating pattern, or learning certain maths basics by giving it a tune, or learning poetry by reciting it musically. basically the combination of the rythm of a favorite song rhythm to something to be learnt makes it easier to remember since songs are are not plain words but are actually compositions with immediate catching rhythms. An in teresting aspect of music is how it eliminates depression,which reduces brain activity and hampers the minds ability to plan and carry outs tasks, by increase the sorotonim levels of the brain making the brain alert. ensational rhythms can cause the brain waves to resonate in synch to the beat,thus leading to increased levels of concentration and increased mental alertness. This helps the brain to change speeds of processing easily as need be. Music as a whole usually helps increase discipline. Rythms are easy to catch and recall and if intertwined with subject topics would help a student to recall . Everyone who have been through elementary school can not deny the fact that the reciting of poem did not in one way the other help he. Most of us still vividly remember so well some of this poems. This is because this hard knowledge was presented in a way that sounded so well still sound pleasant to the ear. Students appear to learn and retain more when the subject matter is presented through rhythm and/or song. They can also retrieve information if taught the correct cues. Students do not have to be musical scholars or prodigies in order to benefit from the joys of being taught mnemonically. Students who have difficulty retaining information because they cannot read or have not been taught any memory strategies, can often learn effortlessly through rhythmic and musical mnemonics. When textual information is presented as the words of a song or familiar tune, it is better recalled and its memory is more durable. Also, when the lyric and melody are partnered and then rehearsed, the melody is an effective cue for retrieving the lyric. (Chazin Neuschatz,1990; Gfeller, 1982; Wallace, 1994; Yalch, 1991; Gfeller, 1982). 1. 2. STUDY AREA The University of Ghana is the oldest and largest of the Ghanaian universities. It was founded in 1948 as the University College of the Gold coast, and was originally an affiliate college of the University of London which supervised its academic programmes and awarded degrees. It gained full university status in 1961, and now has nearly 40,000 students. The original emphasis was on the liberal arts, social sciences, basic science, agriculture, and medicine, but (partly as the result of a national educational reform programme) the curriculum was expanded to provide more technology-based and vocational courses and post graduate training. The university is mainly based at Legon about twelve kilometres northeast of the centre of Accra, Ghana. The medical school is in Korle Bu with a teaching Hospital and secondary campus in the city of Accra(Accra City Campus) meant for workers or the working class. It also has a graduate school of nuclear and allied sciences at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, making it one of the few universities in Africa offering programmes in nuclear sciences. The university also has another branch of its Business school located in the Central city of Accra. The school can boast of big Department of Psychology upon its introduction into the University in 1967. It now is one of the fields with over thousands students. 1. 3PROBLEM STATEMENT †¢ Is it worth it all to use music to aid recall or improve memory †¢ which kinds of music rhythms are appropriate †¢ how can these rhythms be fashioned into the learning and teaching strategy to improve memory †¢ was the use of song rhythms able to aid recall and memory. †¢ If indeed it is shown that students benefit from learning subject matter in the classroom mnemonically through music rhythms, what is preventing teachers from using them more often in the classroom? 1. 4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To conglomerate the knowledge of music into the learning strategy to aid concentration and cognition †¢ To precisely state methods by which music can be incorporated into learning to aid easy recall of stuffs learnt †¢ To examine whether the attachment of the knowledge of music and rhythms to learning really aids recall and memory improvementt †¢ To prescribe the kind of musi c rhythms to be used in learning which can aid cognition precisely recall and memory improvement †¢ To help lecturers to sufficiently use music rhythms in teaching their students 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Yates (1972) chronicles how the Ancient Greeks, who invented many arts, also invented the art of memory. Just like their other arts this was passed onto Rome and subsequently descended in the European tradition. This method of impressing place, image, and music on memory has been called ‘mnemotechnics’ or mnemonics. †¢ The reviewed literature reveals current and past studies on the subject of using musical mnemonics as an effective memory tool in the classroom and beyond. A musical mnemonic is a useful tool for disciplines that require a great deal of memorization. Mnemonics can be teacher created or students created and should not be introduced until the student knows how to use them correctly. The literature reports that in general students, who have been taught through mnemonic instruction, outperform students taught by traditional instruction techniques. Much of the prior research was conducted in the curriculum areas of science, history, geography, English, social studies and foreign language vocabulary. The literature is presented from two complimentary perspectives; medical and educational. †¢ Sacks (2007) researched the phenomenon of brainworms. Brainworms are overly catchy tunes designed to bore their way into the listener’s ear or mind and are not easily forgotten. They were described as â€Å"cognitively infectious music agents† by a newsmagazine in 1987 (p. 42). Sacks (2007) searches for the qualities that make a tune become almost impossible to delete from memory. Is it timbre? Rhythm? Melody? Repetition? â€Å"Or is it arousal of special emotional resonances or associations† (p. 43)? He recounts a song from his youth â€Å"Had Gadya† a Hebrew song that was long and repetitive and that became â€Å"hammered† (p. 44) into his head. He queries: â€Å"Did the qualities of repetition and simplicity†¦ act as neural facilitators, setting up a circuit (for it felt like this) that reexcited itself automatically? Or did the grim humor of the song or its solemn, liturgical context play a significant part too† (p. 44)? †¢ Sacks (2007) reports on how our brains are helplessly sensitive to music, and how the â€Å"automatic or compulsive internal repetition of musical phrases is almost universal† (p. 44). The brain treats musical imagery and musical memory in a unique way that has no equivalents in the visual mind. Melody, with its unique tempo, rhythm and pitch â€Å"tend to be preserved with remarkable accuracy† (p. 47) whereas visual scenes are often not recalled as accurately. Because of this â€Å"defenseless engraving of music on the brain† (p. 47) musical imagery and memory even occur in people who that they are not musical. Neurologically, people tend to find those brainworms or catchy tunes completely irresistible and unforgettable. This comes as no surprise to the advertising world that makes their millions out of flooding our world with such nauseating jingles as â€Å"Rice-a-Roni; the San Francisco treat! or â€Å"800-588-2300 Empire, today! † †¢ Mnemonics 14 †¢ Hodges (2000) marvels at the new revelations that the latest â€Å"neural machinery† has shown us, on the effects of music on the brain. He derives the following premises from neuromusical research. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The human brain has the ability to respond to and partic ipate in music. The musical brain operates at birth and persists throughout life. Early and ongoing musical training affects the organization of the musical brain. The musical brain consists of extensive neural systems involving widely †¢ †¢ istributed, but locally specialized regions of the brain: o Cognitive components Affective components Motor components The musical brain is highly resilient. In the same article he quotes a neurologist, Frank Wilson (1986) who states that â€Å"†¦ all of us have a biologic guarantee of musicianship†¦. we all have the capacity to respond to and participate in the music of our environment† (p. 18). Research from the Classroom and Learning Environment Gfeller (1986) did extensive research with learning disabled children and how musical mnemonics affect their retention and recall. She chose as subjects for her research both learning disabled and non learning disabled students. The study focused on the memorizing of multiplication facts through repetition either by chanting the numbers and product to a simple tune or standard verbal rehearsal. After the initial trial, the non disabled students reported significantly greater recall of the facts than the learning disabled participants (p ; . 05). By the end of the fifth trial however, both sets of participants who had learned their multiplication facts †¢ Mnemonics 15 usically, remembered significantly more (p ; . 001) than did any of the students using verbal recitation. Gfeller (1986) emphasizes the importance of teaching the students how and when to use a mnemonic. After all, the mnemonic is only effective if the student can access it, retrieve it and subsequently utilize it. She also encourages the use of familiar melodies in creating mnemonics. Students in her trial remarked that â€Å"†¦ the fact s most easily recalled were those rehearsed to melodies reminiscent of songs they previousl †¢ How to cite Music and Learning, Essay examples

Business Computing and Global Informatization †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Computing and Global Informatization. Answer: Introduction This paper analyzes the data that has been calculated in a spreadsheet of CQ University Solar Power Analysis Worksheet. The paper analyzes the results of different calculations on solar panel types that are suitable for a particular type of business. The paper analyzes the best choice of solar panel in the case where the university considers both the gross return and the price. The paper analyzes the overall scores for all the ten solar panel types under consideration (Business Computing: Grundlagen und Standardsoftware,2012). The efficiency of each solar panel is also considered and compared to each other to determine the most efficient solar panel. Another variable being analyzed is the value of electricity generated by each of the generators per year. Fusion Catcha generator has the highest electricity production capacity with a value of $613. The analysis helps the university to determine the best solar panel from among the ten. The decision on the solar panels to be installed depends on a combination of a variety of factors (Adomavicius Gupta, 2009). The greenhouse gas reduction for each and every solar panel is also calculated and analyzed. The greenhouse gas reduction is measured in tones per year. Fusion Catcha solar panel has the highest reduction rate at 3.57 tons per year. This is important because it establishes the environmental sustainability of the solar panels. Should CQU adopt solar panels as a source of electricity? CQU University should adopt solar panels. This is because of the many advantages that the solar panels are seen to posses when compared to other sources of energy. The cost of solar panel installation is also low and the no monthly bills need to be paid. CQU should therefore install solar panels due to the advantages highlighted from the analysis that follows. From the analysis of the above graph and from the data provided concerning the solar panels, it is possible to easily evaluate and make a decision on which solar panel should be chosen. I would recommend the purchase of the solar panel with the highest yearly Gross return while at the same time it is cheap. In this case, there exist two options which I would explore. There are two solar panels with a price range of $250 and a corresponding gross return rate of 64%.The two solar panels would cost me the same price and the rate at which they return capital is also the same. The gross return rate is the rate at which the solar panels generate electricity value comparing to the initial purchase cost of the solar panel. The solar panel being purchased at $250 will generate electricity with a gross return value of 64% per year (Informatization, IEEE Computer Society, 2011). Therefore, this means that by the end of the first year after purchase, the solar panel will have generated electric ity worth $160. By the end of the second year, the solar panel will have generated electricity worth $320. This therefore means that the solar panel is economically desirable and very productive. I would therefore recommend the purchase of solar panel MR Solar EKS or SolarLife AB200. In case the overall score was calculate based on the output of the solar panels alone, it would be much easier to select the solar panel to purchase. This is because in this case, I would select the solar panel with the highest output capacity. From the consideration and analysis of information and data on the spread sheet, the solar panel with the highest output capacity is Fusion Catcha. The solar panel has an output capacity of 1600W. It therefore means that the solar panel will generate more electricity than all other solar panels. Therefore based on output capacity alone, I would recommend installation of Fusion catcha solar panel. If we calculate the entire scorecard on the basis Greenhouse Gas Reductions alone, the solar panel that has the best greenhouse gases reduction rate will be chosen. An evaluation of the spreadsheet data reveals that the solar panel with the highest reduction of greenhouse gases is Fusion Catcha. The greenhouse reduction rate is measured in Tonnes/year. The data from the chart shows that FusionCatcha reduced greenhouse gases by 3.5 tonnes per year. This is very significant compared to the solar panel with the lowest reduction rate at 0.02 tonnes per year. Therefore, I would recommend Fusion Catcha since it has the best greenhouse gas reduction capacity. With the combined scorecardon the basis of Gross Return in percentage alone, I would settle on Mr Solar EKS or SolarLife AB200. This is because the two solar panels have the best Gross return per year. They both tie at 64%. This means that once the solar panels are bought, they will have recouped around $160 within the first year. This is valued based on the electricity they will have produced relative to their initial cost of purchase. A scorecard based on the electricity generated in KW/Year would mean that the set solar panel is the one that generates many kilowatts per year than the rest. Therefore, the best solar panel in this consideration is FusionCatcha which produces 4088KW/year. It will be followed by MegaSol 10,000 which generates 2555kilowatts per year. In case the consideration was being based on the value of electricity generated alone, I would recommend the purchase of Fusion Catcha (Narayan, 2010). This is because the solar panel has the highest rate of electricity generation which stands at $613 per year. This decision would be made because it would offer the university the best economic value. Consideration if the greenhouse gas reduction was weighed twice as high as the other variables If the overall rate of reduction of greenhouse gases weighed twice as high as the other variables, this would have a huge effect on the combined score. Since the combined score is determined by this formula: Combined score = (1 x Efficiency (%) / Maximum Efficiency (%) for all Solar Panels under review 1 x Greenhouse Gas Reductions (Tons/Year) / Optimum reduction of greenhouse Gas Reductions (Tons/Year) for all Solar Panels being analyzed 1 x Gross Return per Year (%) / Maximum Gross Return per Year (%) for all Solar Panels analyzed) / 10 This consequently means that the increased weight of reduction of greenhouse gases will change the greenhouse gas reduction rates calculations since it will be multiplied by two. The adjusted formula for calculating overall score for each of the solar panels will now be: Combined scorecard = (1 x Efficiency (%) / Maximum Efficiency (%) of Solar Panels analyzed 2x Greenhouse Gas Reductions (Tons/Year) / Maximum Greenhouse Gas Reductions (Tons/Year) for all Solar Panels under review 1 x Gross Return per Year (%) / Maximum Gross Return per Year (%) for all Solar Panels analyzed) / 10 The overall scorecard will change for all solar panels. Despite this computation the Fusion Catcha solar panel will remain to be better. This is because the effect for the change in weighing will be equal across all the solar panels under review. The Fusion Catcha solar panel is the panel with the best reduction rate even when the weights are the same and this will not change even after the weighing has changed even though the overall scores will change. Consideration if the Greenhouse gas reduction rate was weighed three times higher than the other variables If the Greenhouse gas reduction rate was weighed three times as high as other factors, the following would be the formula for calculating the overall score for each solar panel. Overall Score = (1 x Efficiency rate (%) / Maximum Efficiency (%) for all Solar Panels analyzed 3x Greenhouse Gas Reductions (Tons/Year) / Maximum Greenhouse Gas Reductions (Tons/Year) for all Solar Panels analyzed 1 x Gross Return per Year (%) / Maximum Gross Return per Year (%) for all Solar Panels analyzed) / 10 The overall scores for each solar panel would be affected by the change of weight for greenhouse gas reduction to 3 times higher than the rest considerations. However, this effect would be inconsequential to the solar panel to be recommended since it will still have the highest overall score. Therefore, I would recommend Fusion Catcha solar panel. Gross return consideration and economic consideration of UCQ adopting the installation of solar panels The best solar panel in many aspects as well as in terms of the overall scorecard is the Fusion Catcha solar panel. The Fusion Catcha solar panel has a Gross Return of 12% in a year. The gross return for each year of the solar panel is arrived at by multiplying the electricity generated value by the panels per year with the price of electricity per kilowatt expressed as a percentage. The gross return calculations are not realistic. This is because the calculation only factors in the price of a unit of electricity leaving out the costs that may be associated with generating this electricity. There are various other costs that have not been taken into account. These costs include; Installation costs, repair and maintenance cost and the costs of installing a back-up system when there is not enough sunlight to generate solar energy. If these costs were put into consideration, the gross return calculations would change and would give more meaningful and realistic figures to the university . I think CQU should invest in solar power. This is informed by the analysis of data in the spreadsheet. The adoption of solar panel by CQU will have both economic and environmental benefits to the university. One of the reasons why the university should adopt solar panels is that they will help to reduce greenhouse gases by a very huge margin. If the university adopts the best solar panels i.e. Fusion Catcha, it will be able to minimize greenhouse gases by 3.5 tonnes per year. This will help in preservation of the environment by the university. From the analysis of the data, if the university adopts solar panels, it will generate electricity worthy $613 per year for each solar panel. Given that the university will install a huge number of solar panels this will result to generation of electricity worthy thousands of dollars. This electricity will be enough to run the whole university and the surplus can be sold to the neighboring institutions for a profit. The solar panels will als o help the university to save on the cost of electricity from other sources. Recommendation The costs of installation of solar panels can be reduced by choosing a central location where the panels can be installed so as to form a central point of electricity generation. The costs can be reduced by proper maintenance of solar panels to avoid damage and increase their durability. Conclusion The evaluation of the various different variables in identifying the most suitable solar panels by the company has helped to clearly understand the best solution for CQU. The analysis of combined variables and independent variables has helped to identify different scenarios and results that would be achieved with each of the solar panels being reviewed. Despite its premium price, Fusion Catcha emerges as the best solar panel based on a variety of factors and the overall scorecard. I recommend that the Fusion Catcha solar panel be adopted for CQU University despite its high price. The solar panels will offer economic value and are more environmental friendly than any other solar panel. References Adomavicius, G., Gupta, A. (2009). Business computing. Bingley, UK: Emerald Business Computing: Grundlagen und Standardsoftware. (2002). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Business Computing mit SAP R/3?: Modellierung, Customizing und Anwendung betriebswirtschaftlich-integrierter Gescha ftsprozesse Business Computing: Arbeiten mit MS-Office und Internet. (2008). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. International Conference on Business Computing and Global Informatization, IEEE Computer Society. (2011). Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Business Computing and Global Informatization: 29-31 July 2011, Shanghai, China. Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE Computer Society. Narayan, R. (2010). Business computing. Place of publication not identified: Centrum Press.